How to Add Endorsements to Your Class A CDL

A CDL endorsement lets truck drivers haul certain types of freight or operate certain vehicles. To add an endorsement to your Class A CDL, you'll usually need to pass a knowledge test. Some endorsements also require training, a background check, or a skills test.

If you're looking to expand your skills as a truck driver, endorsements can open the door to new opportunities. They may help you qualify for jobs hauling hazardous materials, pulling double or triple trailers, or transporting liquids in tankers.

At Anderson Trucking Service (ATS), we know that choosing the right qualifications is an important part of building your driving career. But not every endorsement is necessary for every job.

In this article, you'll learn what CDL endorsements are available, how to get them, what they may cost, and how to decide which ones make sense for you.

What You'll Learn About CDL Endorsements

• The different types of CDL endorsements
• How to add endorsements to your CDL
• How to get a HazMat endorsement (H)
• How to get a doubles and triples endorsement (T)
• How to get a tanker endorsement (N)
• How to get a tanker/HazMat endorsement (X)
• How much CDL endorsements cost
• How to pass endorsement tests
• Which CDL endorsements you should get
• Common CDL endorsement questions

What Are the Different CDL Endorsements?

There are six federal CDL endorsements. Four are especially relevant to drivers interested in hauling freight: Hazmat (H), doubles and triples (T), tanker (N), and tanker/Hazmat (X).

Each endorsement gives you permission to operate certain vehicles or transport certain types of freight after you meet the requirements.

Passenger and school bus endorsements also have specific requirements. Since we're focusing on freight-driving careers, we'll take a closer look at the H, T, N, and X endorsements.

For federal endorsement requirements, visit the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA).

How Do You Add an Endorsement to Your CDL?

If you already have a Class A CDL, you can usually add a freight-related endorsement without taking another full CDL driving test. Here's how to get started:

• Choose the endorsement you want. Think about the type of freight or equipment you want to haul. Make sure the endorsement matches your career goals.
• Check your state's requirements. Contact your Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or state licensing agency. Ask about testing, training, documents, and fees.
• Complete any required training. First-time Hazmat applicants must complete approved entry-level driver training (ELDT) before taking the knowledge test — even if they’ve held a Class A CDL for years. “Entry-level” refers to the endorsement training requirement, not necessarily the driver’s experience. 
• Complete a background check if required. Hazmat applicants must pass a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) security threat assessment.
• Pass the required tests. Each endorsement has its own knowledge or skills requirements.
• Update your CDL. Follow your state's process to have the endorsement added to your license.

For the H, T, N, and X endorsements, federal rules require knowledge testing rather than a separate endorsement skills test. Your state may have additional steps.

Before paying for an endorsement, it's worth asking a recruiter whether it's needed for the type of driving job you want.

How to Get a Hazmat Endorsement (H Endorsement)

A hazardous materials endorsement, also called a Hazmat or H endorsement, allows you to transport hazardous materials that require placards under federal rules. These materials may include certain flammable liquids, gases, explosives, and other regulated substances.

Hauling hazardous materials comes with added responsibility. Drivers must understand how to handle the freight, recognize risks, and respond to emergencies.

What Do You Need to Get a Hazmat Endorsement?

To earn your H endorsement, you'll need to:

• Meet the applicable eligibility requirements.
• Complete Hazmat entry-level driver training if you're applying for the endorsement for the first time.
• Pass the Hazmat knowledge test.
• Apply for and pass a TSA security threat assessment, including fingerprinting.
• Pay the required fees and complete your state's licensing process.

The knowledge test covers topics such as hazardous materials regulations, placarding, safe handling, and emergency procedures.

First-time applicants must complete Hazmat theory training through a provider listed on the FMCSA Training Provider Registry before taking the knowledge test.

You'll also need to meet TSA eligibility requirements. The security assessment reviews information used to determine whether an applicant may transport hazardous materials.

Hazmat endorsements require periodic renewal and security reassessment. The timing and steps can depend on your state and applicable rules, so check your licensing agency before your endorsement expires.

For more information about the assessment, visit the TSA HazMat Endorsement Program.

Is a Hazmat Endorsement Worth Getting?

It may be worth considering if you want to haul freight that requires it. However, not every trucking company or driving position handles hazardous materials.

Related: Should I Haul Hazardous Materials?

How to Get a Doubles and Triples Endorsement (T Endorsement)

A doubles and triples endorsement, or T endorsement, allows qualified drivers to operate commercial vehicles pulling two or three trailers.

To get the endorsement, you'll need to pass a state knowledge test covering the safe operation of double and triple trailer combinations. The test focuses on topics such as coupling and uncoupling trailers, inspecting equipment, handling longer combinations, and preventing trailer rollover.

When Do You Need a Doubles and Triples Endorsement?

You need a T endorsement when operating double or triple trailer combinations covered by CDL rules. For example, some linehaul drivers pull two trailers between freight terminals. Other operations may use three-trailer combinations where permitted by law.

These combinations take extra care. Drivers need to understand how the trailers move, how they respond to turns, and how to prevent problems during braking.

Keep in mind that a T endorsement doesn't automatically allow you to pull triple trailers on every road. State laws and route restrictions still apply.

Do You Need a Doubles and Triples Endorsement for Heavy Haul?

Not necessarily. A T endorsement is for double and triple trailer combinations. It isn't required simply because a trailer has multiple axles.

In specialized and heavy-haul trucking, drivers may use trailers with several axles to move large or heavy freight, but these trailers don't automatically count as doubles or triples.

The qualifications you need depend on the vehicle configuration, freight, and applicable rules.

If you're interested in moving into specialized or heavy-haul trucking, it's important to learn about the equipment and experience requirements rather than assuming a T endorsement is the first step.

How to Get a Tanker Endorsement (N Endorsement)

A tanker endorsement, also called an N endorsement, allows drivers to operate qualifying commercial vehicles that transport liquids or gases in tanks. To earn it, you'll need to pass a tanker knowledge test through your state licensing agency.

The test covers safe tanker operation, vehicle handling, inspections, and the risks of carrying liquid loads.

When Do You Need a Tanker Endorsement?

Under federal rules, the N endorsement applies to qualifying commercial vehicles carrying liquids or gases in tanks with individual rated capacities greater than 119 gallons and a combined rated capacity of at least 1,000 gallons. The tanks may be permanently or temporarily attached to the vehicle or chassis.

This means a tanker endorsement isn't limited to drivers pulling traditional tanker trailers. Certain portable tanks and intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) can also fall under these rules. For example, if you're transporting qualifying tanks inside a dry van trailer, you may still need an N endorsement. The size, capacity, and configuration of the tanks matter.

For more details, see the FMCSA guidance on tank vehicles and intermediate bulk containers.

Why Do Tanker Drivers Need Special Knowledge?

Imagine driving down the road with thousands of pounds of liquid moving inside your trailer. When you brake, turn, or accelerate, the liquid can shift. This movement, called liquid surge, can affect how your truck handles. Drivers need to know how to manage that movement and leave enough space to stop safely. A tanker knowledge test helps confirm that you understand these risks.

You don't need to pass a separate federal tanker endorsement driving skills test to earn the N endorsement, but learning how tankers handle is still important.

Related: What Is a Tanker Endorsement?

How to Get a Tanker/Hazmat Endorsement (X Endorsement)

An X endorsement combines the privileges of the tanker (N) and hazardous materials (H) endorsements. It allows qualified drivers to transport hazardous materials in qualifying tank vehicles and covers the combined endorsement privileges. To earn an X endorsement, you'll need to:

• Pass the tanker knowledge test.
• Pass the Hazmat knowledge test.
• Complete any required Hazmat entry-level driver training.
• Pass the TSA security threat assessment.
• Complete your state's licensing requirements.

The X endorsement may be useful if you want to haul hazardous liquids or gases in qualifying tank vehicles. However, having an X endorsement doesn't mean you're automatically qualified for every tanker job. Employers may have additional experience, safety, and equipment requirements.

How Much Does It Cost to Add a CDL Endorsement?

The cost of adding a CDL endorsement depends on your state and the endorsement you choose. You may need to pay for:

• A knowledge test
• An updated or reissued CDL
• Required training
• A TSA security threat assessment and fingerprinting for Hazmat
• Retesting if you don't pass on your first attempt

Some endorsements are less expensive to obtain because they only require a knowledge test and licensing fees.

Hazmat endorsements generally involve more steps and costs because of the additional training and security requirements.

Before scheduling your test, check with your state's licensing agency for current fees. It's also worth asking your current or prospective employer whether any endorsement-related costs are covered.

How Do I Pass CDL Endorsement Tests?

The best way to prepare for a CDL endorsement test is to study your state's current CDL manual.

Each endorsement covers different material, so focus on the sections related to the test you're taking. Here are a few ways to prepare:

• Read the CDL manual. Pay close attention to safety rules, equipment requirements, and operating procedures.
• Take practice tests. Use reputable practice questions to see which topics need more work.
• Review missed questions. Don't just memorize answers. Make sure you understand why the correct answer matters.
• Study the equipment. Learn how the vehicles and freight covered by your endorsement behave on the road.
• Check your testing requirements. Confirm which documents, training records, and fees you'll need before your appointment.

Even if you’ve been driving for years, review your state’s current CDL manual for the endorsement you’re adding. Focus on unfamiliar equipment, freight-handling risks, and requirements you don’t encounter in your current position. You can also use free CDL practice tests or review state-specific practice tests to prepare.

Which CDL Endorsements Should You Get?

The best CDL endorsement depends on the type of driving you want to do. You don't need every endorsement to build a successful trucking career. Before paying for an endorsement, review the requirements for the jobs you actually want. Ask a recruiter:

• Is the endorsement required before hire or only for certain assignments?
• What additional experience or training does the position require?
• Does the company cover any endorsement-related expenses?

Use those answers to decide whether the endorsement supports your next career move.

For example, a driver interested in heavy haul may benefit more from gaining flatbed experience and learning cargo securement than from getting a doubles and triples endorsement. Another driver may want to haul tanker freight and need an N or X endorsement to qualify for certain jobs.

The key is to match your qualifications to your goals.

Can CDL Endorsements Help You Earn More?

Endorsements may help you qualify for jobs that aren't available to drivers without them. Some of those jobs may offer different pay opportunities.

But an endorsement doesn't guarantee a higher paycheck. Your earnings depend on factors such as the carrier, freight, route, experience, and pay structure.

Before pursuing an endorsement mainly for higher pay, compare the jobs you're interested in. Ask about their requirements, earning potential, and the work involved. That will give you a better idea of whether the endorsement is worth your time and money.

Common Questions About CDL Endorsements

Can I Add Endorsements to My CDL Online?

You may be able to complete some steps online, depending on your state. However, state knowledge tests and licensing requirements may require an in-person visit. Hazmat applicants must also complete the applicable TSA security assessment process.

Check your state's licensing agency for the steps available online.

How Many CDL Endorsements Are There?

There are six federal CDL endorsements: H, T, N, X, P, and S. Four are especially relevant to freight-driving careers: Hazmat, doubles/triples, tanker, and the combined tanker/Hazmat endorsement.

Can I Add More Than One Endorsement?

Yes. You can qualify for multiple endorsements as long as you meet the requirements for each one.

The X endorsement combines the tanker and Hazmat privileges.

Do I Need an Endorsement to Drive a Flatbed Truck?

A standard flatbed job doesn't automatically require an endorsement beyond the appropriate CDL. However, the freight or vehicle configuration may create additional requirements.

Flatbed drivers also need to understand cargo securement and safe equipment operation.

Do I Need to Take Another Driving Test to Add an Endorsement?

For the H, T, N, and X endorsements, federal rules require knowledge testing rather than a separate endorsement skills test.

Passenger and school bus endorsements have skills-test requirements.

Check with your state for any additional requirements.

Stand Out to Trucking Companies by Choosing the Right Qualifications

CDL endorsements can expand your driving options, but the right choice depends on the freight you want to haul and the position you’re pursuing.

Explore current ATS driving opportunities and talk with a recruiter about the qualifications your preferred position requires before paying for additional endorsements.