Truck Driver Learning Center

7 Essential Tips for Preventing Winter Breakdowns

Written by Mark Fisher | Jan 2, 2025 7:05:20 PM

Winter isn’t always such a wonderland — not when you have to deal with bunk heaters that don’t work, fuel that wants to gel, and frozen brakes. 

Breaking down on the road is not only inconvenient but it can also be dangerous, especially when you're far from assistance or don’t have the tools you need to problem solve.

As a truck driver, your livelihood depends on your ability to keep your rig running smoothly. While standard maintenance practices like treating your fuel are crucial, there are several out-of-the-box strategies you can employ to prevent breakdowns and ensure a safe journey. 

In this article, we’ll cover some of the winter tips and tricks we share with the fleet here at Anderson Trucking Service (ATS). 

Check out these essential tips to keep your truck in top shape and minimize the risk of roadside emergencies all season long. 

Tip #1: Maintain Your Bunk Heater

Bunk heaters are essential for keeping your truck warm during cold weather. However, tiny fuel lines connected to these heaters are susceptible to icing or gelling, even if your main fuel tank is treated. If these lines freeze, your bunk heater can fail, leaving you without heat and potentially stranding you in freezing conditions.

Preventive Steps

  • Treat Your Fuel: Always ensure that your fuel is properly treated before entering cold regions. This helps prevent gelling and icing in both the tank and the fuel lines.
  • Run the Bunk Heater: After adding treated fuel, run your bunk heater to circulate the treated fuel throughout the system. This ensures that all parts, including the tiny fuel lines, are adequately treated. If you don’t let the treated fuel circulate through the fuel lines before you get to a cold area, the additive won’t do what it’s supposed to.

Quick Fix

If your bunk heater stops working due to iced fuel lines, utilize the hand warmer packets you probably already carry around with you. Place these around the accessible fuel lines on top of the fuel tank to gently heat them. 

This can help melt any ice and restore fuel flow, allowing your bunk heater to function again. Without this quick intervention, you might be forced to seek professional help, which can be time-consuming and costly.

Tip #2: Drain Your Air Tanks Regularly

When you compress air, it heats up. If this hot air enters a cold tank, it creates condensation. Over time, especially during winter months, water can accumulate in your air tanks, reducing their capacity and potentially leading to brake and suspension issues.

Excess water can overwhelm your air dryer systems, leading to their failure. Water in the air system can freeze, causing valves to stick and brakes or suspension systems to malfunction.

Preventive Steps

  • Regular Draining: Make it a habit to drain your air tanks every morning or after reaching your destination. This removes the accumulated water and ensures your air system remains efficient.
  • Pre-Trip and Post-Trip Inspections: Incorporate air tank drainage into routine pre- or post-trip inspections. This is especially important during the colder months when moisture buildup is more prevalent.

By regularly draining your air tanks, you maintain the integrity of your air system, ensuring your truck remains safe and operational.

Tip #3: Keep Front Radar Sensors Clear

Modern trucks are equipped with radar and other equipment that aids in cruise control and accident mitigation technology. Snow, ice, or debris can block these sensors, rendering these safety features ineffective and potentially increasing the risk of accidents. The features may also malfunction, which can result in accidents or other problems. 

Preventive Steps

  • Regular Cleaning: Before starting your trip, inspect the front radar sensors located at the center of your bumper. Clear away any snow, ice, or debris to ensure they function correctly.
  • Continuous Monitoring: Periodically check the sensors during your journey, especially after driving through snowstorms or icy conditions.

Tip #4: Monitor and Drain Fuel Water Separators

Fuel water separators are critical in preventing water from entering your engine. There is a heater in the fuel water separator, but it isn’t strong enough to keep it thawed when temperatures drop. In extremely cold temperatures, water in the fuel system can freeze, causing blockages and potentially shutting down your engine.

A sign of issues is unusually high fuel levels or restricted fuel flow.

Preventive Steps

  • Regular Checks: Keep an eye on the fuel water separator light on your dashboard. If it indicates the presence of water, take immediate action.
  • Drain Water: Open the valve at the bottom of the fuel water separator to drain any accumulated water. Ensure you remove all visible water to maintain a free-flowing fuel system.

By actively managing your fuel water separators, you prevent water-related fuel system problems, ensuring your engine runs smoothly even in harsh conditions.

Tip #5: Prevent Frozen Brakes

In cold weather, moisture can cause your brakes to freeze to the drums, making them difficult to release. This can lead to brake malfunctions and pose significant safety risks. Think about it: When you park it for the day or night, you’re coming into a cold area with hot brakes. This creates moisture that freezes and adheres the brakes to the drum.

Frozen brakes can lead to incomplete brake releases, affecting your ability to stop safely. Persistent brake freezing can strain your suspension system, leading to further mechanical problems. Implementing brake cycling routines helps maintain brake functionality and enhances overall vehicle safety during cold weather.

Preventive Steps

  • Brake Cycling: When parked, especially overnight, release and set your brakes. When they cool down after a few hours, reset them. This prevents moisture from settling and freezing on the brake drums.

Quick Fix

If your brakes do freeze, you might need to use a steel bar and hammer to gently knock the ice off the brake drums. However, regular preventive measures can minimize the need for such interventions.

Tip #6: Manage Traction

Icy and slippery roads can make it difficult to maintain traction, leading to accidents or getting stuck. Navigating icy steps and trailers can be hazardous, increasing the risk of slips and falls. Not only that, but it can be difficult to get traction when leaving the truck stop on cold, icy mornings.

Preventive Steps

  • Carry Sand or Kitty Litter: Keep a supply of sand or kitty litter in your truck. In slippery conditions, spread it under the drive tires to gain traction and get moving.
  • Use Shoe Spikes: Equip your boots/shoes with spikes designed for icy conditions. These provide better grip, preventing slips while walking around your truck.
  • Carry Traction Mats: Consider carrying traction mats that can be placed under tires or steps for added stability.

By managing traction effectively and prioritizing personal safety, you reduce the risk of accidents and maintain control in challenging road conditions.

Tip #7: Check Fuel Tank Vents

Blocked fuel tank vents can create a vacuum, disrupting fuel flow and causing your engine to stall. In cold and slushy conditions, vents are prone to icing, which can significantly impact your fuel system.

A blocked fuel vent can lead to a complete engine shutdown, stranding you on the road. Irregular fuel flow can cause engine performance issues and increased wear on your fuel system.

Maintaining clear fuel tank vents is essential for consistent fuel delivery and reliable engine performance, especially in adverse weather conditions.

Preventive Steps

  • Regular Inspection: Periodically check your fuel tank vents for ice buildup. Clear any obstructions to ensure proper airflow.
  • Monitor Fuel Flow: If you notice that fuel is being pulled from only one side of the tank, it may indicate a blocked vent.

Quick Fix

  • Release the Vacuum: If you suspect a blocked vent, open the fuel cap to release the vacuum. This allows air to enter the tank, restoring normal fuel flow.
  • Drive Until You Can Fix It: If you're stuck in a remote area, continue driving until you can safely address the issue.

Winter Driving Tips 

Preventing breakdowns on the road requires a combination of regular maintenance, proactive checks, and carrying essential tools and supplies. By maintaining your bunk heater, regularly draining air tanks, keeping front radars clear, monitoring fuel water separators, preventing frozen brakes, managing traction, and checking fuel tank vents, you can significantly reduce the risk of unexpected breakdowns. 

Integrate these habits into your daily routine to ensure your truck remains reliable and safe, no matter where the road takes you. 

Be sure to also remember these safe winter driving tips, like increasing your following distance and driving slower.